垂直书院——苏州科技城实验小学设计
Vertical Academy
Design of Experimental Primary School of Suzhou Science and Technology Town
在追求效率、管控、与安全的国内基础教育模式中，虽然也开始逐渐重视学生成长中的社会性、创造性、与自主性，但是这些新的教育理念在通常条件的学校设计中往往很难在空间上得到切实回应。比如，过于明确的功能分区与固定的使用方式，过于均质的空间分配与单一的流线组织，这样的标准空间特别对于小学生来说更是缺乏启发与想象力的。而在苏州科技城实验小学的设计中，应为特殊的场地条件与任务要求，那些标准的空间模式反而无法实现，这使我们在保证基本的空间规范性之外，有机会去尝试对于孩子们的成长来说更有启发性的那些空间特质。为了打破快速建造的通俗空间带给学生的过度规训与监护，我们试图以空间为媒介，在城市与自然的交汇处建立一个属于他们的田园绿洲。
对抗与适应
苏州科技城，如同所有城市新区一样，为了适应城市高效运转的要求，将土地分割成尺度相近，属性不同的网格。苏州科技城实验小学用地则是在这种状况下对宏大的自然地貌做出避让后的极端体现——处于紧张的城市网格与舒缓的自然地貌的临界状态。场地一侧是视线舒缓且自然优美的河道、湿地、山体，而另一侧则是数学公式计算出一般的高密度人才公寓。这仅存的尚未被“侵占”的柔软自然界面，呼唤着我们心底关于童年成长的记忆。这种关乎场地与时光的特定记忆，是当今拷贝的户型、等距的空间、合乎规范的退界，以及“计算”出的日照所不能设计出的空间氛围。
面对一系列紧凑的场地条件，复杂的周边环境，以及高强度、高密度的容量要求，我们要做的是在这些表面对立的元素之间，寻找融合的平衡点。本项目基于场地两侧城市的建成景观与自然景观的巨大差异而产生的对抗性，以及社会对当下应试教育常态化存在的普遍存在的抗争性，这些矛盾决定了建筑肌理本身便存在了自我抗争与适应。我们对项目的首要思考便是发掘这些存在对抗性的因素，从空间和情境的多元化入手，去探寻它的适应性。
延续与演进
苏州是拥有数千年建城史、承载中国文明的古老文化名城，从宋代的和靖书院到元代的文正书院再到明代的碧山书院，直至近代，苏州书院的数量之多，密度之大，足以傲视全国。而当代城市普遍处于快速建设的忙碌背景下，我们已然对这座城市的文化、历史产生了认知断层。如何使苏州这座古城的历史、山水、人文能在位于苏州西部经济高速发展的科技城中体现，如何使这所学校的孩子在受教育的同时对历史以及时代的认知尽可能完善，是我们在此设计中探寻的思想内核。
在与历史文脉、城市发展、教育思考、以及童年记忆的多重思考之后，
在这样一个用地紧张的基地上，通过水平与垂直“园林”相结合的空间模式，构建了一个亲近自然、多层次的交往空间。园林的空间体验延续了这个城市的文脉，而将其在竖向叠加的做法有效地解决了本项目校园活动空间不足的缺陷，最后，我们提出的 “垂直书院”系统，对传统书院模式进行延续及与现代教育的融合再适。
功能的紧凑与松散 环境的内庭与外园
我们将校园的功能整体上分为紧凑的标准化教学单元、松散的社会交流性的公共活动单元，以及作为“脊椎”频繁连接前二者的交通廊道这三个部分。
“习礼大树下，授课杏林旁”，为了提供多样性的活动空间与交往空间，我们在临近城市一侧的紧凑标准化教学单元中置入内部庭院，在面朝自然景观一侧的松散公共活动单元中置入立体园林。通过一张一弛的把握将功能与环境对位连接。
结语
延续书院并不是初衷，退台错落也不是目的，我们想做的仅仅是为孩子们争取一份独特的童年经历。 值得欣慰的是，多样性的开放空间在使用中被赋予各种丰富有趣的校园活动，诸如行知农场，开心集市，美食嘉年华等等，这些用途都完全实现了设计的意义。
In the domestic education model of pursuing efficiency, control, and security, although we gradually start to pay attention on social, creative, and autonomy aspects of students' growth, these new educational concepts are often difficult to apply on the space design. For example, functional partitioning and fixed use of the space and circulation are very lack of creation for the users of students and teachers. In the design of Suzhou Science and Technology City of Primary School, because of the special site conditions and mission requirements, the standard space modes of classroom cannot be made. In the case, we have chance to do something special as the architecture design and make space with full of inspiration for children's learning. we design the school space as the agency and it is the bridge between the city and nature.
Confrontation and adaptation
Suzhou Science and Technology City, just like all modern urban design , divides the land into grids with similar scales in order to meet the requirements of efficient urban operation. The site of Suzhou Science and Technology City of primary school is an extreme case for what was mentioned above. On one side of the site is a river, wetland and mountain with a soothing and natural sight, while on the other side is a high-density apartment planned with mathematical formula. The soft interface of the nature recalls people's memory of the childhood. The kind of memory of the site is definitely difficult to be recall while in architecture design condition as mathematical calculation of the site and building.
Faced with a series of compact site conditions, complex surroundings, and high-intensity, high-density capacity requirements, what we need to do is to find the balance between the two oppositions. The project is based on the confrontation between the built-up landscape and the natural landscape of the city on the two sides of the site, and the universal resistance of the society to the normalization of the current test-oriented education. In the case, our prime goal is to think about the opposition of the both natural and social context of the site and then find explore the confrontational factors to find a way of adaptability as the architecture design of the school.Continuation and evolution
Suzhou is a cultural city with thousands of years history, carrying Chinese civilization, from the Hejing Academy of Song Dynasty to Wenzheng Academy of Yuan Dynasty and then to the Bishan Academy of Ming Dynasty, until the modern times. The number of Suzhou academies is quiet huge and enough to be proud of the country. We gradually feel lost in understanding culture and history for both Suzhou city and academy under the rapid development of modernization. Making the history, landscape and humanities of this ancient city of Suzhou to be reflected in the modernization of Suzhou, and make the children with understanding of the aspects of Suzhou that mentioned above is our main goal to pursue.
After the thinking of historical context, urban development, educational thinking, and childhood memories, we put forward the concept of "vertical academy" on such a tightly-grounded site. The "vertical academy" is combined with horizontal and vertical gardens with multiple levels making the natural and communicational space. This concept has retelling the concept of traditional Suzhou garden, meanwhile, it is a way of solving the lankness of communication space of the school. In a word, the “vertical academy” system that we proposed is a way to integration the traditional and modern education system.Functional compact & inattention Environmental Inner court & outer garden
We divide the campus into three parts by applying the functions. There are mainly two functions of the school learning space. one is standardized teaching rooms and the other is social inattentive communication space. The third one is the space connected to the two space mentioned above.
Chinese Kongfuzi said “teaching under a huge tree and next to the apricot trees”, the sentence means to provide a variety of activities and spaces when studying. In the case, we put the inner courtyard in a compact standardized teaching unit on the side of the city, and put a three-dimensional garden in the inattentive communication space that is facing to the side of the natural landscape. In this way, we build the relationship between the school functions and the nature.
In summary
Making architecture design of "vertical academy" and the retreat of the school are all not our prime purpose. We just want to strive for a unique childhood experience for children who will studying here. The good news is that the multiple open space is used for diverse activities of interesting while in the school events, such as cognitive farm，happy market，food carnival ，etc. The way of space usage has reflected our design meaning.
项目名称：苏州科技城实验小学
建 筑 师：李 硕
合作建筑师：张 斌 / Atelier Z+
项目建筑师：陈颢（方案 + 扩初）、丁心慧（竞赛）
设计团队：吴人洁、张金霞、谢林波、徐家金
施工图设计：中铁工程设计院有限公司
建设地点：江苏省苏州高新技术产业开发区科技城科业路88号
建设单位：苏州科技城社会事业服务中心
设计/建成：2013.06/2015.09
基地面积：43875 m2
建筑面积：55844 m2
工程造价：2.5亿元人民币
摄 影 师：夏至、陈颢
